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Rubber Articles

Rubber Articles
We give below some interesting articles whichwill help you to understand rubber and industrial rubberproducts:

Article 1: HOW TO SELECT THE RIGHT MEDICAL GLOVES: AN IDEA ABOUTLATEX ALLERGY!
It is seen in recent years an increasing incidence of allergicreactions among health care workers to latex medical gloves. Thereare several groups of people who are at increased risk for latexallergy.

A latex glove is made up of natural latex, cornstarch powderapplied on the glove and numerous chemicals. The human immunesystem sometimes responds to these foreign matter.

Some major skin reactions:

Irritant dermatitis: This type of skin irritationdoes not involve the body’s immune response. Some causes for thisirritation are frequent hand washing and inadequate drying,aggressive scrubbing and use of detergents, mechanical abrasiveeffect of glove powder, climatic irritation and emotionalstress.

Type IV allergy (Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity): Thisis a skin reaction caused due to the chemicals used in latex gloveproduction and the reaction is typically seen 6-48 hours aftercontact. The reaction limited to the skin that has contacted theglove.

Type I allergy (Immediate reaction): These are kind ofsystemic allergic reactions which are caused by circulating IgEantibodies to the proteins in natural latex. Symptoms such ashives, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, anaphylaxis and hypotension occursoon after exposure to latex, within 30 minutes.

Another major factor for allergy is due to the cornstarch powderused in latex gloves. Cornstarch powder binds the latex protein inthe surgical glove, as a result of which the antigen reaches boththe wearer’s skin more easily (when the hand becomes moist duringsurgery) and the patient’s skin. Also, when the surgeon both donsand removes the glove, cornstarch powder is released into the air,and this itself cause irritation via inhalation.

It is also important to note that not all latex gloves are createdequal. There are significant differences between manufacturers andproduct lines in the amount of free latex protein and chemicalsused in the production of gloves. Different brands of glovesdifferent rates of reaction.

Is latex glove a wrong choice: glove characteristics to lookfor!
There are several important factors to consider which are asfollows :
  • First, gloves provide barrierprotection both for the health care worker and the patient. Ithelps to guard against contact with blood, other body fluids, andmicroorganisms. Latex has been in use for many years, and hasproven barrier protective capability. The barrier effectiveness oflatex glove is much more than synthetic rubber gloves.
  • Second, a glove should givecomfort. One should be able to done it easily, and then be able toperform surgery with the feeling that as if you weren’t evenwearing a glove at all. Again, for this, latex is better—thesynthetic rubber is stiffer than latex, and less comfortable towear.
  • Third, cost is also animportant factor. Latex gloves are usually less expensive thansynthetic rubber gloves.
So latex as a material has substantialbenefits for surgical gloves.

Conclusion
It is thus evident that we need gloves which can provide excellentbarrier protection, surgeon comfort, and at an acceptable cost. Theideal glove, if it is latex, should be powder free, should be verylow in extractable latex protein, and should have the smallestconcentration and the fewest number of residual chemicals frommanufacture.

Article 2: TIRES OF THE FUTURE—USE OF POLYURETHANE TIRES
There are inherent weaknesses of rubber tires. Tread separation,dry rot and a complicated and time-consuming production process areall associated with rubber tires—all these factors lead to thedevelopment of an alternative tire material and many attempts havebeen made in this regard. Way back in 1950s, tire companies wereexperimenting with making tires out of polyurethane, but they werenot successful in creating that formula that would yieldperformance as good as that of rubber and so the idea was given up.However in recent years, again attempts have been made to developpolyurethane auto tire that can go toe to toe with rubber.

Polyurethane is a fully reacted polymer, widely varying inflexibility and usually used in tough chemical-resistant coatings,adhesives, and foams. With rubber, there are many un-bondedelements which are left over from the vulcanization process and asthe tire ages, this process leads to hardening, cracks and morefrequent trips to the tire store. Moreover, the cost of productionis also involved. Making rubber tire is a complex undertaking whichis expensive as well as time consuming.

Though cheap polyurethane tires won't sell if they don't perform inthe same way as rubber, the polyurethane tires with correctformulations have been proved to 45% better than the competitivetest tire in rolling resistance, leading to the fact that a carequipped with polyurethane tires could get up to 10% better fueleconomy. These figures have drawn the attention of at least threeunnamed automakers interested in the technology, one of which isalready testing prototypes.

Article 3: RECYCLING RUBBER: HISTORY
Recycling of industrial rubber is almost as old as manufacturing ofindustrial rubber itself.

Way back in 1820, Charles Macintosh, soon after he started makingraincoats with rubberized cloth, needed more rubber than he couldimport. Thomas Hancock, his research partner came up with asolution. He developed a machine which can grind up scraps ofrubber produced during the raincoat-making process. These scrapswere then mashed into larger rubber blocks which could be fed backinto the manufacturing process. The machine to this job was called“A masticator” or "pickle" because it essentially chewed the rubberscraps into smaller bits. However, the days of easy rubberrecycling, were short-lived.

The process of vulcanization which made much of the modern rubberindustry possible also makes rubber recycling more difficult. Onceit has been vulcanized, rubber cannot be melted back down andformed into a new product. This is because vulcanization links allthe molecules in a rubber product into one big molecule that willnot flow apart so easily.

In the 20th century, recycling still made strong, short-termeconomic sense because rubber, natural or synthetic, was expensive.In 1910, an ounce of rubber was bought at the same cost as an ounceof silver. That is one reason for which the average recycledcontent of all rubber products was over 50 % well into the 20thCentury. By 1960, however, the recycled content of rubber productswent down to an average of 20 %. This is because cheap oil importsand the increasing use of synthetic rubber brought manufacturingcosts down. The development of steel-belted radial tires by 1960swould just about finish off the rubber recycling industry. This isbecause it made slicing and grinding tires for rubber prohibitivelyexpensive.
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